1. Little River Casino Age Limit
2. Little River Casino Manistee Gambling Age
3. Little River Casino Gambling Age
4. Little River Casino Age Requirement

Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is a federally recognized Native American tribe of the Odawa people in the United States. It is based in Manistee and Mason counties in northwest Michigan. It was recognized on September 21, 1994.

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It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan. The others are the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians and the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. They historically spoke the Odawa language, a dialect of Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe), but use of this language has declined.

History[edit]

This area around the Manistee River was long occupied by bands of Ottawa and Chippewa (Ojibwe) before European colonization. French fur traders visited the villages during the historic period.

In 1836 the Ottawas were assigned a reservation along the Manistee River by a treaty with the United States government which was part of the tribe's historic range. The treaty provided reservation lands for five years and provisions to move tribal members west beyond the Missouri River, however a new treaty was ratified in 1855. The new treaty provided the tribe with a reservation that included Custer and Eden townships in Mason County and Crystal and Elbridge townships in Oceana County. Part of that land came back under tribal ownership in August 2000 when the Little River Band bought about 740 acres in Mason County.^[2]

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The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is one of 567 federally recognized tribes of Native Americans in the United States.^[3][4] On September 21, 1994, the tribal status of the Little River Band (along with that of the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians) was reaffirmed by the federal government when President Bill Clinton signed Senate Bill 1357 into law.^[5]

Since January 1994 the Little River Band has published a monthly newspaper, Currents. All editions are available on the official tribal website.

Tribal government[edit]

The Band is the successor apparent to nine of the 19 historical Grand River Bands of Ottawa peoples who lived along the Thornapple, Grand, White, Pere Marquette, Manistee and its tributary Little Manistee rivers. The Little River Band operates its own constitutional government; it has three parts: executive, legislative and judicial.^[6] The Band holds regular elections for a nine-member legislative council and an Ogemakaan (Elected Chief). There is a separate but equal elected judicial branch.^[7] The government has 28 different departments dealing with various programs and processes necessary to running a modern government.

Membership[edit]

The Tribal Council has set the membership rules, based on blood quantum and descent from historic bands of the region. Persons are eligible if 1/4 Native American, with at least 1/8 from Grand River Ottawa or Michigan Ottawa; and direct descent from a Native American of Manistee, Mason, Wexford or Lake Counties in the State of Michigan, who was listed on the schedule of Grand River Ottawa in the 'Durant Roll of 1908;' or is a lineal descendant of individuals listed on the '1870 Annuity Payrolls of Chippewas and Ottawas of Michigan,' listed under certain Ottawa chiefs; and is not enrolled in another tribe. The Tribe also accepts: 'Any child who is less than18 years of age, who meets the membership criteria in Section 1, shall be eligible for membership,notwithstanding such adoption.'^[8]

Little River Casino Age Limit

Language[edit]

The Little River Band's original language Anishinaabemowin, an Algonquian language, is designated as 'critically endangered' by the 2010 Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).^[9] Few elders and other members can still speak the full language. The Band is spread out far beyond their reservation, living in areas among the majority English-speaking culture, and the language is not commonly used.

Little River Casino Resort[edit]

On December 3, 1998, Governor John Engler signed a compact between the Little River Band and the State of Michigan allowing gaming on reservation property; these efforts were spearheaded by Tribal Member Robert Guenthardt, who served as Head Chairperson, and would soon become the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians' first elected Ogema. In 1999 the Band opened the Little River Casino Resort on its Manistee Reservation. Since its opening the resort has expanded in multiple stages to more than 23,000 square feet of space. Its complex includes a 292-room luxury hotel, a 1,700-seat event center, and an expanding collection of slots and table games. The tribe has invested revenues from its gaming operations for economic development and to support the well-being of its people

Notes[edit]

^a : Native American religion

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Little River Casino Manistee Gambling Age

Notes

1. ^'Where will the tribe be in a few years?' Currents, July 2015, Vol. 7, Issue 14, p. 10
2. ^'Indian Tribe Emerges as Major Landowner,' Ludington Daily News, July 30, 2002
3. ^Federal Register, Vol. 80, No. 9, Jan. 14, 2015
4. ^Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian TribeArchived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
5. ^Senate Bill 1357
6. ^The Constitution of the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians
7. ^Tribal Court
8. ^'Article II. Membership', Constitution of the Little River Band of Ottawa
9. ^UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Further reading[edit]

• McClurken, James A. Our People, Our Journey: The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 2009. This work was a 2010 Michigan Notable Book selected by the Library of Michigan. ISBN978-0-87013-855-3
• Blackbird, Andrew Jackson (1887). History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan, Ypsilanti, MI: The Ypsilantian Job Printing House. Full text available online at Internet Archive and as a free Kindle book. Author was an interpreter and chief of the tribe.
• Blackbird, Andrew Jackson (1900). The Indian Problem, from the Indian's Standpoint, 22 pages. Publisher possibly the National Indian Association, Philadelphia, PA. Full text available online through Google Books.

External links[edit]

• Constitution of the Little River Band of Ottawa, official tribal website
• Native Americans in Michigan Databases, Mainly Michigan website, includes 'Durant Roll of 1908' and 'Mt. Pleasant Indian School Register (1893 to 1932)'

Little River is a census-designated place (CDP) in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 8,960 at the 2010 census.

Little River is named for the Little River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean at the border between North and South Carolina. The inlet has long been a breakpoint for tropical cyclone warnings.

Geography[edit]

Little River is located at 33°52′18″N78°37′40″W / 33.87167°N 78.62778°W (33.871629, -78.627733).^[3]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 10.8 square miles (28.0 km²), of which 10.5 square miles (27.1 km²) is land and 0.4 square mile (0.9 km²) (3.33%) is water.The area is mainly made up of old scrub pine forests, marshes and swamps and is bordered by the Waccamaw River and the Atlantic Intracoastal waterway. Live oaks, Spanish moss and palm trees dot the landscape.

Demographics[edit]

As of the census^[1] of 2000, there were 7,027 people, 3,287 households, and 2,225 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 671.9 people per square mile (259.4/km²). There were 4,715 housing units at an average density of 450.8/sq mi (174.0/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.40% White, 6.80% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino, of any race, were 1.02% of the population.

There were 3,287 households, out of which 18.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.53.

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In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 15.7% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 31.9% from 45 to 64, and 23.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males.^{[clarification needed]}

The median income for a household in the CDP was $40,427, and the median income for a family was $45,243. Males had a median income of $36,086 versus $22,348 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,733. About 4.7% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 1.7% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture[edit]

The community is host to an annual Blue Crab Festival each May.

During the 21 years that South Carolina had legalized video poker, Little River's location near the North Carolina state line made the community a major center for the activity. In 1996, local churches began protesting legalized gambling in what had become Little Reno, and the state outlawed the games in 2000. Two years before the video poker ban, casinoboats began operating and continue to do so in federal waters because the state has not specifically banned them. Little River has the state's only two casino boats, the SunCruz Aquasino and The Big M Casino.^[4]

Little River Casino Age Requirement

Major highways[edit]

Education[edit]

Little River has a public library, a branch of the Horry County Memorial Library.^[5]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^ab'U.S. Census website'. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
2. ^'US Board on Geographic Names'. United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
3. ^'US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990'. United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
4. ^Wilson, Zane (2010-07-18). 'Video poker debate lives on; Little River once dubbed Little Reno'. The Sun News. Retrieved 2010-07-18.
5. ^'Locations & Hours'. Greenville County Library System. Retrieved 8 June 2019.

External links[edit]